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Credits:
Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Editor: Stephanie Sammann (https://www.stephanie-sammann.com/)
Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/)
Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/)
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster https://twitter.com/forgottentowel


References:

[1] https://www.agriculture.com/news/business/ethanol-market-is-disturbing-as-hell-to-american-farmers-and-now-there-s-covid-19#:~:text=Roughly%2040%20percent%20of%20the%20U.S.%20corn%20crop%20is%20refined%20into%20ethanol
[2] https://www.politico.com/newsletters/morning-energy/2021/01/26/biofuels-pivot-under-biden-792969
[3] https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/biomass/
[4] https://www.eubia.org/cms/wiki-biomass/fermentation/ [19]
[5] https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/biofuels/ethanol.php#:~:text=Ethanol%20is%20a%20renewable%20biofuel,used%20to%20make%20a%20product [19a]
[6] https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=36774#:~:text=Of%20the%20top%2013%20fuel,nation's%20total%20ethanol%20production%20capacity.&text=Actual%20U.S.%20production%20of%20fuel,b%2Fd)%20in%202017. [19b]
[7] https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/map-croplands-united-states#:~:text=The%20United%20States%20has%20166,180%20million%20hectares%20of%20croplands. [20b]
[8] https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2019/07/29/corn-americas-largest-crop-2019 [20d]
[9] https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2014/04/20/its-final-corn-ethanol-is-of-no-use/?sh=a73d1eb67d35 [21b]
[10] https://www.macrotrends.net/2532/corn-prices-historical-chart-data [21c]
[11] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18045-z [21d]
[12] https://www.technologyreview.com/2011/03/23/196198/ethanol-blamed-for-record-food-prices/ [21f]
[13] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11053-005-4679-8 [19c]
[14] https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783642962837 [21a]
[15] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11053-005-4679-8
[16] https://www.circleofblue.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Gerbens-Hoekstra-VanderMeer-2008-waterfootprint-bioenergy.pdf
[17] https://hoptownchronicle.org/corn-growers-demand-biden-climate-plan-prioritize-ethanol/ [23a]
[18] https://economics.yale.edu/sites/default/files/santanna-how_green_is_sugarcane_ethanol.pdf [22b]
[19]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152439/ [21]
[20]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152439/#:~:text=The%20algal%20biofuels%20production%20chain,refining%20and%20residual%20biomass%20utilization. [21e]
[21] https://www.energy.gov/eere/bioenergy/articles/researchers-strive-reduce-cost-and-time-algal-biofuel-production [25]
[22] https://www.ge.com/gas-power/future-of-energy/hydrogen-fueled-gas-turbines
[23] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-norway-airplane-biofuels/airlines-get-ready-for-jet-biofuel-take-off-in-norway-idUSKBN1XV1TQ
[24] https://www.neste.com/products/all-products/raw-materials/sustainably-produced-palm-oil/palm-oil-traceability#e12af6f9
[25] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-norway-airplane-biofuels/airlines-get-ready-for-jet-biofuel-take-off-in-norway-idUSKBN1XV1TQ

Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.

Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creato

Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung